Yum on 七三的小站

MariaDB 从 Yum 源安装与配置

Thu, 07 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0800

一、安装 MariaDB

https://lug.ustc.edu.cn/wiki/mirrors/help/mariadb

1.1. 添加 MariaDB Yum 源

方法一：官方一键设置脚本（推荐）

curl -sS https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb_repo_setup | bash

方法二：命令行工具

使用 MariaDB Repository Configuration Tool 生成一份配置，保存为 /etc/yum.repos.d/mariadb.repo

cat >/etc/yum.repos.d/mariadb.repo<<'EOF'
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.4/centos8-amd64
module_hotfixes=1
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
EOF

然后执行以下命令替换源地址：

sudo sed -i 's#yum\.mariadb\.org#mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/mariadb/yum#' /etc/yum.repos.d/mariadb.repo
# 建议使用 HTTPS
sudo sed -i 's#http://mirrors\.ustc\.edu\.cn#https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn#g' /etc/yum.repos.d/mariadb.repo

sudo dnf install MariaDB-server
sudo systemctl start mariadb

1.2. 安装 MariaDB

sudo yum install -y MariaDB-server MariaDB-client MariaDB-shared
sudo apt-get install mariadb-server mariadb-client MariaDB-shared

RHEL 8

yum module install mariadb -y
rpm -qi mariadb-server
systemctl enable --now mariadb

MariaDB MaxScale:（选做）

sudo yum install maxscale
sudo apt-get install maxscale

Percona XtraBackup:

sudo yum install percona-xtrabackup
sudo apt-get install percona-xtrabackup

cracklib_password_check:

https://mariadb.com/kb/en/cracklib-password-check-plugin/

sudo yum install MariaDB-cracklib-password-check

1.3. 启动 MariaDB

sudo systemctl start mariadb
sudo systemctl enable mariadb

二、设置 MariaDB

2.1. 初始化

mysql_secure_installation

初始密码为空，直接回车。
设置 root 密码
是否移除匿名用户
是否禁止 root 远程登录
是否删除 ’test’ 测试数据库

2.2. 解决 MariaDB 中文乱码

https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/setting-character-sets-and-collations/

/etc/my.cnf

[client]
...
default-character-set = utf8mb4
...
[mysql]
...
default-character-set = utf8mb4

...
[mysqld]
...
character-set-server  = utf8mb4
character-set-filesystem = utf8mb4
collation-server      = utf8mb4_general_ci
...

2.3. 完整配置文件

vim /etc/my.cnf

cat >/etc/my.cnf<<'EOF'
#
# This group is read both by the client and the server
#
[client-server]
port=3306
socket=/dev/shm/mysql.sock

#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
EOF

vim /etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf

cat >/etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf<<'EOF'
#
# These two groups are read by the client library
# Use it for options that affect all clients, but not the server
#
[client]
default-character-set = utf8mb4

#
# This group is not read by mysql client library,
#
[client-mariadb]
EOF

/etc/my.cnf.d/mariadb-server.cnf

#
# These groups are read by MariaDB server.
# Use it for options that only the server (but not clients) should see
#
# See the examples of server my.cnf files in /usr/share/mysql/
#

# this is read by the standalone daemon and embedded servers
[server]

# this is only for the mysqld standalone daemon
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mysqld/mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
character-set-server=utf8mb4
character-set-system=utf8mb4
character-set-filesystem=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_general_ci

#
# * Galera-related settings
#
[galera]
# Mandatory settings
#wsrep_on=ON
#wsrep_provider=
#wsrep_cluster_address=
#binlog_format=row
#default_storage_engine=InnoDB
#innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
#
# Allow server to accept connections on all interfaces.
#
#bind-address=0.0.0.0
#
# Optional setting
#wsrep_slave_threads=1
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0

# this is only for embedded server
[embedded]

# This group is only read by MariaDB servers, not by MySQL.
# If you use the same .cnf file for MySQL and MariaDB,
# you can put MariaDB-only options here
[mariadb]

# This group is only read by MariaDB-10.3 servers.
# If you use the same .cnf file for MariaDB of different versions,
# use this group for options that older servers don't understand
[mariadb-10.3]

/etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf

#
# These groups are read by MariaDB command-line tools
# Use it for options that affect only one utility
#

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4

[mysql_upgrade]

[mysqladmin]

[mysqlbinlog]

[mysqlcheck]

[mysqldump]

[mysqlimport]

[mysqlshow]

[mysqlslap]

/etc/my.cnf.d/auth_gssapi.cnf

[mariadb]
plugin-load-add=auth_gssapi.so

/etc/my.cnf.d/enable_encryption.preset

#
# !include this file into your my.cnf (or any of *.cnf files in /etc/my.cnf.d)
# and it will enable data at rest encryption. This is a simple way to
# ensure that everything that can be encrypted will be and your
# data will not leak unencrypted.
#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE! On MariaDB upgrades it might be replaced with a
# newer version and your edits will be lost. Instead, add your edits
# to the .cnf file after the !include directive.
#
# NOTE that you also need to install an encryption plugin for the encryption
# to work. See https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/data-at-rest-encryption/#encryption-key-management
#
[mariadb]
aria-encrypt-tables
encrypt-binlog
encrypt-tmp-disk-tables
encrypt-tmp-files
loose-innodb-encrypt-log
loose-innodb-encrypt-tables

三、测试 MariaDB

mysqladmin -u root -p version

查看效果

mysql -uroot -p
SHOW VARIABLES WHERE Variable_name LIKE 'character\_set\_%' OR Variable_name LIKE 'collation%';

参考配置文件：/usr/share/mysql/
数据文件夹：/var/lib/mysql/
执行文件：/usr/bin/mysql

参考文档：

CentOS 从 Yum 源安装配置 PHP7.1

Mon, 01 May 2017 00:00:00 +0800

安装第三方YUM源

rpm -Uvh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm

安装 php7.1.x

yum install \
    php71w-bcmath \
    php71w-common \
    php71w-fpm \
    php71w-gd \
    php71w-imap \
    php71w-mbstring \
    php71w-mcrypt \
    php71w-mysql \
    php71w-opcache \
    php71w-pdo \
    php71w-pdo_dblib \
    php71w-pear \
    php71w-pecl-mongodb \
    php71w-xml \
    php71w-xmlrpc

安装 php5.6.x

yum install \
    php56w-bcmath \
    php56w-common \
    php56w-fpm \
    php56w-gd \
    php56w-imap \
    php56w-mbstring \
    php56w-mcrypt \
    php56w-mysql \
    php56w-opcache \
    php56w-pear \
    php56w-pecl-xdebug \
    php56w-pgsql \
    php56w-xml \
    php56w-xmlrpc

启动 php

sudo systemctl start php-fpm && \
sudo systemctl enable php-fpm

    sed -i "s|;*date.timezone =.*|date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai|i" /etc/php.ini && \
    sed -i "s|;*memory_limit =.*|memory_limit = 512M|i" /etc/php.ini && \
    sed -i "s|;*upload_max_filesize =.*|upload_max_filesize = 128M|i" /etc/php.ini && \
    sed -i "s|;*max_file_uploads =.*|max_file_uploads = 25|i" /etc/php.ini && \
    sed -i "s|;*post_max_size =.*|post_max_size = 256M|i" /etc/php.ini && \
    sed -i "s|;\s*max_input_vars =.*|max_input_vars = 5000|i" /etc/php.ini && \
    sed -i "s|;*cgi.fix_pathinfo=.*|cgi.fix_pathinfo= 0|i" /etc/php.ini && \

参考文档：

https://webtatic.com/packages/php71/

CentOS 从 Yum 源安装配置 Mariadb

Wed, 01 Mar 2017 00:00:00 +0800

一、安装 MariaDB

1.添加 MariaDB Yum 源

cat >/etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo<<'EOF'
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.1/centos7-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
EOF

2.安装 MariaDB

sudo yum install -y MariaDB-server MariaDB-client

3.启动 MariaDB

sudo systemctl start mariadb
sudo systemctl enable mariadb

二、设置 MariaDB

mysql_secure_installation

初始密码为空，直接回车。
设置 root 密码
是否移除匿名用户
是否禁止 root 远程登录
是否删除 ’test’ 测试数据库

三、测试 MariaDB

mysqladmin -u root -p version

四、解决 MariaDB 中文乱码

https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/setting-character-sets-and-collations/

[client]
...
default-character-set=utf8
...
[mysql]
...
default-character-set=utf8
...
[mysqld]
...
character-set-server  = utf8
collation-server      = utf8_general_ci
character_set_server  = utf8
collation_server      = utf8_general_ci
...

测试

mysql -u root -p
SHOW VARIABLES WHERE Variable_name LIKE 'character\_set\_%' OR Variable_name LIKE 'collation%';

参考文档：

CentOS 从 Yum 源安装 Nginx

Wed, 01 Feb 2017 00:00:00 +0800

一、安装 Nginx

1.添加 Nginx Yum 源

cat >/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo <<'EOF'
[nginx]
name=nginx repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
EOF

2.安装 MariaDB

yum -y install nginx

3.启动 MariaDB

sudo systemctl start nginx
sudo systemctl enable nginx

4.防火墙设置

sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=http
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=https
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

二、设置 Nginx

1. 网址：

http://server_domain_name_or_IP/

ip addr show eth0 | grep inet | awk '{ print $2; }' | sed 's/\/.*$//'

2. 配置文件路径

默认网站根目录 /usr/share/nginx/html
默认网站根配置文件 /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
其他网站配置文件 /etc/nginx/conf.d/
全局配置文件 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

参考文档：

-. http://nginx.org/en/linux_packages.html
-. https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-nginx-on-centos-7

CentOS 7 创建本地YUM源

Sun, 10 Aug 2014 00:00:00 +0800

本文中的“本地YUM源”包括三种类型：一是直接使用CentOS光盘作为本地yum源，优点是简单便捷，缺点是光盘软件包可能不完整(centos 7 Everything 总共才6.57G)；二是同步CentOS官方源到本地（相当于创建了一个公共镜像），优点是最靠谱，缺点是占空间费流量；三是创建完全自定义的本地源，优点是灵活性最大，缺点是只是作为其他源的补充。

使用CentOS光盘作为本地yum源

实体机上直接放入光盘
VMware Workstation 虚拟机：虚拟机–>可移动设备–>CD/DVD–>连接

mkdir /mnt/cdrom #创建目录
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom #挂载
umount /mnt/cdrom #卸载

若不想每次都要放光盘，那就复制光盘文件到本地硬盘吧

cp -avf /mnt/cdrom /yum # -a：该选项保留链接、文件属性，并递归地复制目录

创建repo文件

cat >>/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Local.repo<<-EOF
[Local]
name=Local Yum
baseurl=file:///yum/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
enabled=1

问：为什么连createrepo软件都不用安装？

createrepo 的作用是创建索引文件的(位于repodata文件夹)，光盘中连GPG-KEY都有了。

如何为CentOS创建公共镜像

详细说明见官方中文文档：

http://wiki.centos.org/zh/HowTos/CreatePublicMirrors

提供一个SHELL脚本，然后cron自动运行~~

http://www.wangyan.cloud/centos-local-yum-repo.html

脚本稍作修改，换成中科大的镜像源。可用镜像列表见：http://www.centos.org/download/mirrors/

localpath="/mirrors/CentOS"
mirror="mirrors.hustunique.com::centos"
rsync="rsync -avzH --delete"

verlist="7"
baselist="centosplus extras fasttrack os updates"
archlist="x86_64"

for ver in $verlist
do
	for base in $baselist
	do
		for arch in $archlist
		do
			remote=$mirror/$ver/$base/$arch/
			mkdir -pv $localpath/$ver/$base/$arch/
			$rsync $remote $localpath/$ver/$base/$arch/
		done
	done
done

创建完全自定义的本地源

把平时收藏的一些RPM软件包放在一个目录里，就变成一个自定义源了，可以用YUM来管理，灵活性相当大。

官方教程：http://yum.baseurl.org/wiki/RepoCreate

创建本地yum仓库

mkdir -p /yum/local #可以有N级目录
cp ... #复制RPM包到上述目录

创建repo文件

cat >>/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Local.repo<<-EOF
[Local]
name=Local Yum
baseurl=file:///yum/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
enabled=1

安装createrepo

yum install createrepo #使用yum安装createrepo
rpm -ivh http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/createrepo-0.9.9-23.el7.noarch.rpm

创建索引

createrepo /yum 
yum makecache #更新缓存

CentOS 创建本地YUM软件库

Mon, 12 Sep 2011 00:00:00 +0800

一、Rsync 同步脚本

wget http://www.wangyan.cloud/download/shell/rsync_repo.sh
vim rsync_repo.sh //修改"local"值（本地镜像存放路径）
chmod 755 rsync_repo.sh
./rsync_repo.sh

二、禁用原有的源

注：你也可以直接编辑.repos文件，加上参数"enabled=0"禁用源。

for i in `ls /etc/yum.repos.d/`;do mv /etc/yum.repos.d/$i /etc/yum.repos.d/$i.bak;done

禁用fastestmirror插件，再也不需要这东西了。

sed -i 's/plugins=1/plugins=0/g'  /etc/yum.conf

三、创建本地.repo文件

注意记得修改默认的"/mnt/hgfs/e/CentOS"本地镜像路径

wget http://www.wangyan.cloud/download/conf/CentOS-Local.repo -P /etc/yum.repos.d
chmod 644 /etc/yum.repos.d/rsync_repo.sh
yum -y update

参考资料：